What Is It Like to Be a Bat?

Thomas Nagel wrote a landmark philosophy paper in 1974 titled “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?”  Within this paper Nagel wanted to understand if it was possible to conceptualize the subjective experience of another organism.  Today, this philosophical problem is still debated, but there are also deeper implications regarding whether we can even understand another human’s subjective experience.

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21st Century Neanderthals

A few months ago I pondered what it would have been like if other species within the genus Homo had survived into contemporary times.   I hypothesized that based on our poor track record of violent conflict modern humans would have treated them very poorly.  We may have a chance to see if I am right, because Harvard geneticist and synthetic biology pioneer George Church claims he could bring Neanderthals into the 21st century.

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Universality of Preadaptation for the Human Condition

I have often wondered about whether key human adaptations represented universal traits for the development of high intelligence and technological complexity.  Evolutionary biologist E.O. Wilson argues that there were four preadaptations that are necessary.  However, I contend that we should remain cautious because we need more data before making any broad conclusions.

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The Adaptation Program

Yesterday, I read a famous scientific article on adaptation by evolutionary biologists Stephen J. Gould and Richard Lewontin, titled “The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme” (Gould & Lewontin, 1979).  Gould & Lewontin criticize what they call the “adaptationist programme” school of thought within evolutionary biology.  This paper made me cognizant of the pitfalls of adaptive theory, and allowed me to re-evaluate my own understanding of evolution.

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The Substrate of Mind

The likelihood of a transition to a planet dominated by non-biological intelligence is essentially dependent on one large philosophical assumption: that the substrate of intelligence and consciousness is unimportant.  Although I contend that this is currently an unanswerable question, the answer may define our future. 

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Did Curiosity Discover Life on Mars?

John Grotzinger, Curiosity’s chief scientist, recently revealed to NPR that the Mars rover has made a discovery “for the history books.”  Is it life?  There are several lines of evidence indicating that it is.  This would be the biggest scientific discovery of our generation.  If Curiosity did discover life, what type of life could it be?  What is it based on?  And how would it change the way we view life in the universe?

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